What is the difference between electrophysiology and cardiology?

Electrophysiology (also known as EP) is specialty within cardiology that focuses on the heart’s electrical activity. Electrophysiologists diagnose and treat abnormal heart rhythms; they are cardiologists specifically trained and who specialize in treating cardiac problems that cause abnormal heart rhythms.

When should I see an electrophysiologist?

Your primary care provider or cardiologist may refer you to an electrophysiologist if they believe you have a problem with the electrical activity of your heart (your heart rhythm). If your heart rate is faster or slower than normal or you have symptoms of heart rhythm problems such as dizziness, fainting or fluttering feelings in your chest, you may need to see an electrophysiologist.

When should I see a cardiologist?

Cardiologists specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases or conditions of the heart and blood vessels (the cardiovascular system). They work with you and your health care team to provide the treatment and care you need for your heart condition.

If you are concerned about your heart health, the first step is to meet with your primary care provider and discuss your symptoms. Your provider will determine if you need a referral to a cardiologist.

What are the types of cardiology?

There are several types of cardiology that focus on different areas of heart health.

General cardiology – General cardiologists focus on preventing, diagnosing and managing diseases and conditions of the heart. They work with other cardiology specialists to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions.

Electrophysiology – Electrophysiologists specialize in diagnosing, treating and managing heart rhythm problems, or arrhythmias.  Treatments may include implanted devices or procedures like cardiac ablations.

Heart failure – Heart failure cardiologists are trained to treat patients with congestive heart failure, a condition that occurs when the heart can no longer pump enough blood to keep the body functioning normally. Treatment programs may include medications, surgery and lifestyle changes.

Noninvasive cardiology – Noninvasive cardiologists  diagnose heart problems using non-surgical tests such as electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG), chest X-rays, exercise and stress tests, and other imaging.

Interventional/invasive cardiology – Interventional (or invasive) cardiologists are trained to perform surgical procedures to treat heart problems such as balloon angioplasty, stenting, percutaneous intervention (PCI), transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR).

What are the top signs and symptoms that a cardiologist should check?

Some symptoms that may indicate you need to see a cardiologist include:

• Chest discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Swelling in your legs
• High blood pressure
• Abnormally fast or slow heart rate
• Dizziness or fainting
• Family history of premature heart disease or cardiac death
• Leg pain or ulcers resulting from blood vessel diseases